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Egypt’s Asylum Law: Protection or a New Restriction on Refugees?

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After decades without a national framework regulating refugee affairs, the Egyptian Parliament passed the country’s first-ever asylum law in December 2024. The move was officially described as “a necessary step to organize the status of millions of foreigners residing in Egypt.” Members of Parliament welcomed it as a milestone that aligns Egypt with countries that have formal asylum systems.
However, human rights organizations viewed it as the beginning of a new layer of restriction that threatens the international protection framework — particularly due to the law’s vague language regarding “national security” and “public order,” which could justify limiting refugees’ freedoms or enforcing arbitrary deportations.